For a women to be fertile and conceive a child her reproductive organs must be healthy and functional. The ovaries must release healthy eggs regularly and her reproductive tract must allow the eggs and sperm to pass into her fallopian tubes for a possible union. Infertility problem may occur due to various reasons.

The most common causes may include:

Ovulation Disorder

The failure to ovulate is the most common cause of female infertility. Ovulation problem can be caused by excessive weight loss, stress, thyroid problem, hypothalamus, pituitary or adrenal gland problem and polycystic ovary syndrome. This may delay or prevent the ovaries from releasing an egg. Symptoms that might suggest a hormone abnormality include unexpected weight loss or gain, fatigue, excessive hair growth or loss, acne or ovarian cyst. .

Endometriosis / Endometrioma

This is a condition where the tissue that makes up the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside the uterus. Pelvic pain and infertility are common in women. Endometriomas (Ovarian/chocolate Cyst) indicates advance stage of endometriosis which reduces fertility.

Premature Ovarian Failure [POF]

POF is absence of mensturation and early depletion of ovarian follicles before age of 40 .Ovarian hypofunction may be caused by genetic factors such as chromosome abnormalities, or it may occur with certain autoimmune disorders that disrupt normal ovarian function. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also cause ovarian hypofunction . Fertility treatment, known as egg donation, is an option for women with premature ovarian failure.

Abnormality in shape or lining of uterus

Uterine fibroid are benign tumors located on the outside surface or within the muscular wall of the uterus .They cause infertility by interfering with the contour of uterine cavity and also blocking the fallopian tube. It can also interfere with embryo implantation or fetal growth.

Asherman’s Syndrome

It is a condition characterized by the presence adhesion or fibrosis within the uterine cavity. Depending on the degree of severity, Asherman syndrome may result in infertility & repeated miscarriages.

Age

Age is also a risk factor in infertility .The ability of ovaries to produce eggs decline with age above 35 and there is an increased risk of miscarriage.

Cervical causes:

A small group of women may have a cervical condition in which the sperm cannot pass through the cervical canal. Whether due to abnormal mucus production or a prior cervical surgical procedures. This problem may be treated with intrauterine insemination.