Surgeries like varicocoelectomy  can be recommended to improve the sperm quality or quantity. They may also help to reduce the pain associated with varicocoeles(the engorged vessels around the testicles).

There are certain surgeries to retrieve the sperms, which are not accessible otherwise. These surgically retrieved sperms require higher form of ART treatment like ICSI.

The various forms of surgeries are:

Testicular biopsy: is performed as an in-office surgical procedure in which several small pieces of testicular tissue are removed and examined for sperm which can be used in fertility procedures.

Testicular sperm aspiration (TESA): A TESA procedure involves a needle biopsy of the testicle in which a sample of tissue is taken directly from the testis and used to extract sperm for IVF or ICSI.

Percutaneous sperm aspiration (PESA): PESA is a procedure involving a needle inserted into the epididymis in an effort to locate and aspirate a pocket of sperm.

Vasectomy reversal: It is a  procedure  done to reverse a previous vasectomy and restore the male's ability to release sperm into his semen from the testicles.